Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text or in a note only; they are rarely included in a bibliography.
Note
Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017.
Shorted Note
None
Bibliography
None
Note
Madeleine Albright (@madeleine), "I was profoundly saddened to learn of the passing of former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. He was a dear friend...," Twitter, August 18, 2018, 8:10 a.m., https://twitter.com/madeleine/status/1030834201258541062
Shortened Note
None
Bibliography
None
NOTE: When a social media post or comment is significant to your paper or is mentioned frequently, it is best to include it in your bibliography.
Note
Andrew Macmillan (director, Investment Fraud Division), in discussion with the author, Newport, RI, September 1998.
Shortened Note
None
Bibliography
None
Note
McGeorge Bundy, interview by Robert MacNeil, MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, PBS, February 7, 1990.
Shortened Note
Bundy, interview by Robert MacNeil
Bibliography
Bundy, McGeorge. Interview. By Robert MacNeil. MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, PBS. February 7, 1990.
Note
John Smith Davis, email message to author, October 1, 1997.
Shortened Note
None
Bibliography
None