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Territorial Disputes: The South China Sea
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Territorial Disputes: The South China Sea: State Interests
This Research Guide provides links to primary documents, reports, periodical articles, and books on disputes and state claims in the South China Sea.
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Brunei
China and Brunei to Step Up Oil and Gas Development in Disputed South China Sea
Zhen Liu, South China Morning Post, November 2019.
China: Wang Yi Co-chairs the Inaugural Meeting of the Joint Steering Committee between China and Brunei Darussalam with Bruneian Minister of Foreign Affairs II Dato Erywan Pehin Yusof
Thai News Service. January 23, 2020
Closer China ties Boost Brunei
Prime Sarmiento in Hong Kong, China Daily (Hong Kong Edition). November 12, 2018
Malaysia and Brunei: An Analysis of their Claims in the South China Sea
J. Ashley Roach, CNA Occassional Paper, August 2014
India
China, the South China Sea and Implications for India
Jayadeva Ranade, Indian Foreign Affairs Journal, vol. 7, iss. 2, April-June 2012
India's Approaches to the South China Sea: Priorities and Balances
Ulises Granados, Asia & The Pacific Policy Studies, January 2018.
India and the South China Sea
Byron Chong, Center for International Maritime Security, February 2018.
India and the South China Sea Dispute
Abijit Singh, Observer Research Foundation, March 2016.
India and the South China Seas: The Need for a Second Look
R. S. Kalha, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 23 September 2011
India’s Strategic Stakes in the South China Sea
Abhijit Singh, Asia Policy, January 2016.
Map Row: India Terms Chinese Action as Unacceptable
Business Standard 23 November 2012
South China Sea and India's Geopolitical Interests
Nandini Jawli, Indian Journal of Asian Affairs, Vol. 29, no. 1/2, 2016.
South China Sea Dispute: Implications for India
Raman Puri and Arun Sahgal, Indian Foreign Affairs Journal, vol. 6, no. 4, October-December 2011
Navy Chief says Will Protect India's Interests in South China Sea
BBC Monitoring South Asia - Political Supplied by BBC Worldwide Monitoring. December 3, 2012
Indonesia
Annoyed in Natuna; Indonesia and the South China Sea
The Economist, July 2016.
Asserting sovereignty, Indonesia renames part of South China Sea
Channel NewsAsia. July 14, 2017
Even Indonesia: Concerns Over China’s Reach In South China Sea – Analysis
Felix K. Chang, Eurasia Review. October 20, 2014
The Domestic Politics of Indonesia's Approach to the Tribunal Ruling and the South China Sea
Evan Laksmana, Contemporary Southeast Asia, vol. 38, no. 3, 2016.
Implications of Indonesia’s new military base in the South China Sea
Premesha Saha, Observer Research Foundation, February 2019.
Indonesia, Long on Sidelines, Starts to Confront China’s Territorial Claims
Joe Cochrane, New York Times, 10 September 2017.
Indonesia’s South China Sea Dilemma: Between Neutrality and Self-Interest
Ristian Atriandi Supriyanto, RSIS Commentaries No. 126, July 2012.
The Next Front: China And Indonesia In The South China Sea – Analysis
Eurasia Review. January 28, 2020
Out of Its Comfort Zone: Indonesia and the South China Sea
Ristian Atriandi Supriyanto, Asia Policy, no. 21, January 2016.
South China Sea Dispute: Indonesia
Geopolitical Monitor, July 2018.
Japan
The Challenge of Conflict Resolution in the South China Sea Dispute: Examining the Prospect of a Stable Peace in East Asia
Renato Cruz De Castro, International Journal of China Studies. April 1, 2016
Japan Is Becoming Player in South China Sea Sovereignty Dispute
Ralph Jennings, VOA News, 20 March 2017.
Japan's Delicate Balancing Act in the South China Sea
Benoit Hardy-Chartrand; J. Berkshire Miller, National Interest, June 2017.
Japan's Meddling in the South China Sea: Current Movement and Future Developments
Zhu Haiyan, China International Studies, no. 2, 2016.
Japan's Perceptions of and Interests in the South China Sea
Yoji Koda, Asia Policy, iss. 21, 2016.
Japan`s Policy towards the South China Sea – Applying “Proactive Peace Diplomacy”?
Reinhard Drifte, Institute for Security & Development Policy, Report no. 140, 2016.
Japan’s Strategic Interests in the South China Sea: Beyond the Horizon?
Kei Koga, Australian Journal of International Affairs, vol. 72, iss. 1, 2018.
South China Sea: Japan vows to broach 'outstanding issues' with China ahead of Xi's visit; JAPAN has vowed to clear up any "outstanding issues" with China before Chinese President Xi Jinping arrives for a scheduled state visit this spring
Wesley Hudson, Express Online. January 20, 2020
What Happens in the South China Sea, Matters in the East China Sea: Japan's Reaction to the South China Sea Arbitration Ruling
Matthew Short, Asia Pacific Bulletin, October 2016.
Malaysia
China's Assertive Posture in Reinforcing its Territorial and Sovereignty Claims in the South China Sea: An Insight into Malaysia's Stance
Mohammad Zaki Ahmad; Mohd Azizudin Mohd Sani, Japanese Journal of Political Science, vol. 18, iss. 1, 2017.
Malaysia and Brunei: An Analysis of their Claims in the South China Sea
J. Ashley Roach, CNA Occassional Paper, August 2014
Malaysia's Right to Stake Claim to Spratlys
New Straits Times (Malaysia). March 3, 2019
Malaysia: Recalibrating It's South China Sea Policy?
Elina Noor, Asia MAritime Transparency Initiative, January 2016.
Malaysia to be Firmer in Row Over South China Sea
Associated Press International. July 25, 2018
Malaysia to maintain diplomatic stance over Spratly Islands claim - minister
BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific - Political Supplied by BBC Worldwide Monitoring. May 13, 2009
Malaysia’s Great Power Balance and the South China Sea Disputes
John M. Finkbeiner, Thesis, U.S. Army War College, 2013.
Playing It Safe: Malaysia's Approach to the South China Sea and Implications for the United States
Prashanth Parameswaran, Center for a New American Security, March 2015.
A Small State's Foreign Affairs Strategy: Making Sense of Malaysia's Strategic Response to the South China Sea Debacle
Adam Leong Kok Wey, Comparative Strategy, vol. 36, iss. 5, 2017.
The South China Sea Conundrum: China's Strategic Culture and Malaysia's Preferred Approaches
Benny Teh Cheng Guan, International Journal of China Studies, vol. 8, iss. 3, 2017.
Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge Case
Suzette V Suarez, Oxford Public International Law; updated April 2013
People's Republic of China (PRC)
Between Assertiveness and Self-Restraint: Understanding China's South China Sea policy
Zhou Fangyin, International Affairs, vol. 92, iss. 4, 2016.
China's Claims in the South China Sea
C.H. Tung, China-US Focus, June 2018.
China's Rights and Interests in the South China Sea: Challenges and Policy Responses
Wu Ningbo, Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs, vol. 8, iss. 4, 2016.
China and the South China Sea "Lawfare"
Hsiao, Anne Hsiu-An, Issues and Studies, Vol. 52, iss. 2, 2016.
China’s Forward Policy in the South China Sea
R. S. Kalha, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 30 July 2012
China’s Long March at Sea: Explaining Beijing’s South China Sea Strategy, 2009–2016
Feng Zhang, The Pacific Review, March 2019.
How China Can Resolve the FONOP Deadlock in the South China Sea
Liu Xiaobo, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, March 2019.
The Modern Creation of China's "Historic Rights" Claim in the South China Sea
Bill Hayton, Asian Affairs, vol. 49, iss. 3, 2018.
Republic of China's Decision‐Making Process in Regards to Drawing a U‐shaped Line on the Map of the South China Sea and Its Implications
Hurng-Yu Chen, Pacific Focus, August 2016.
Understanding China’s Position on the South China Sea Disputes
Institute for Security & Development Policy, June 2016.
Yes, China Wants Hegemony over the South China Sea
Denny Roy, National Interest, August 2018.
Philippines
China's Nine Dotted Lines in the South China Sea: The 2011 Exchange of Diplomatic Notes Between the Philippines and China
Nguyen-Dang Thang & Nguyen Hong Thao, Ocean Development & International Law, vol. 43, no. 1, 2012
Here’s How the Philippines Can Win in the South China Sea
James Holmes, Foreign Policy. August 16, 2016
Into China's Rough Seas: Troubled Maritime Institutions in the West Philippine Sea – Implications for Philippine National Security
Rhisan Mae E Morales, Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations. April 1, 2019
Marine Entitlements in the South China Sea: The Arbitration Between the Philippines and China
David P. Stewart, The American Journal of International Law, vol. 110, iss. 4, 2016.
New King, New Character: Duerte's China Strategy and Its Impact on Philippine Interests in the South China Sea
Justin Shields, Indonesian Journal of International & Comparative Law, vol. 5, iss. 2, 2018.
Philippines/China: Philippine Pivot Back Toward America Will Offset Growing China Dependence
Thai News Service. October 5, 2017
Philippine Claim to the Spratly Islands Group
Haydee B. Yorac, Philippine Law Journal, vol. 58, second quarter, 2003
The Philippines Confronts China in the South China Sea: Power Politics vs. Liberalism-Legalism
Renato De Castro, Asian Perspective, Vol. 39, iss. 1, 2015.
Pompeo Pledges to Defend Philippine Forces in South China Sea
Jake Maxwell Watts; Gordon, Michael R., Wall Street Journal, 01 March 2019.
South China Sea: The Philippine Fissure
Jay Batongbacal, The Interpreter, 27 March 2018.
The South China Sea Arbitration (The Philippines v. China): Potential Jurisdictional Obstacles or Objections
Sienho Yee, Chinese Journal of International Law, 2014.
Taiwan (Republic of China)
Scarborough Shoal Dispute, China's Assertiveness, and Taiwan's South China Sea Policy
Shawn Shaw-fawn Kao, International Journal of China Studies. April 1, 2014
Island or Rock? Taiwan Defends Its Claim in South China Sea; Itu Aba Journal
Steven Lee Myers, The New York Times . May 20, 2018
Party Politics and National Identity in Taiwan’s South China Sea Claims
Kimberly L. WIlson, Asian Survey, vol. 57, no.2, 2017.
The Role of Soft Power in China's Security Strategy: Case Studies on the South China Sea and Taiwan
Mikail Kalimuddin, Thesis Paper, US Army Command & General Staff College, June 2017.
https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1038741.pdf
South China Sea Dispute: Taiwan
Geopolitical Monitor, January 2019.
Taiwan makes overture to Japan; China's high-handedness a major background factor
Yuko Mukai and Ryosuke Okada, The Japan News. October 8, 2016
Taiwan's South China Sea Policy
Lin, Cheng-yi, Asian Survey 37, no. 4 (1997): 323-39
Taiwan's South China Sea Policy Evolution
Chi-Ting Tsai, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, April 2018.
Taiwan, the South China Sea Dispute, and the 2016 Arbitration Decision
Wei-Chin Lee, Journal of Chinese Political Science, vol. 22, iss. 2, 2017.
Tides of Change: Taiwan’s Evolving Position in the South China Sea
Lynn Kuok, Brookings Institute, May 2015.
United States
China vs. America: How a War in the South China Sea Could Start
Kerry K. Gershaneck, National Interest, April 2019.
Deterring China in the “Gray Zone”: Lessons of the South China Sea for U.S. Alliances
James R. Holmes, Toshi Yoshihara, Orbis, Vol. 61, iss. 3, 2017.
Escalating Tensions in the South China Sea
Michael Wesley, National Interest, 10 September 2012
Is U.S.-China Conflict Imminent in the South China Sea?
Joseph S. Nye, Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs, June 2015.
The South China Sea: Assessing U.S. Policy
Michael McDevitt, American Foreign Policy Interests, vol. 37, iss. 1, 2015.
South China Sea: Oil, Maritime Claims, and U.S.-China Strategic Rivalry
Leszek Buszynski, Washington Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 2, Spring 2012
The South China Sea and U.S. Policy Options
Michael McDevitt, American Foreign Policy Interests, vol. 35, iss. 4, 2013.
The South China Sea and U.S.‐China Rivalry
Andrew Scobell, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 133, iss. 2, 2018.
The U.S. Quietly Made a Big Splash About the South China Sea
Zack Cooper, Washington Post, 19 March 2019.
U.S. South China Sea Policy
Ngo Di Lan, The Diplomat, February 2019.
What Is The United States Doing In The South China Sea?
Peter Pham, Forbes Magazine, December 2017.
Why the South China Sea Fuels U.S.-China Tensions
David Tweed, Bloomberg Businessweek, October 2018.
Vietnam
Can Vietnam's Military Stand Up to China in the South China Sea?
Derek Grossman, Asia Policy, Vol. 13, iss. 1, 2018.
Fire in the South China Sea: What a Sino-Vietnamese War May Look Like
Ishaan Tharoor, Time: World, 13 June 2011
FM’s Statement at the 16th Summit of Non-Aligned Movement
9 January 2012
Foreign Minister Pham Binh Minh Clarifies Content of Viet Nam Maritime Law
Historical Documents on Vietnam’s Sovereignty over Paracel and Spratly Islands
Vietnamnet Bridge; Source: National Committee for Border Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Party Leader Stresses Peace, Stability in Southeast Asia
15 September 2012
South China Sea: Reducing the China-Vietnam Tension
Zhen Sun, RSIS Commentaries no. 117,
8 August 2011
South China Sea: Vietnam Dares What Philippines Didn't
Panos Mourdoukoutas, Forbes, 02 January 2019.
The South China Sea Award: Legal Implications for Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Lan Anh, Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 38, iss. 3, 2016.
South China Sea Showdown: How Vietnam Would Wage War Against China
Robert Beckhusen, National Interest, 23 May 2018.
Territorial Disputes and Nationalism: A Comparative Case Study of China and Vietnam
Hannah Cottilon, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol. 36, iss 1, 2017.
Towards a United, Strong and Open ASEAN Community
5 August 2012
Vietnam: New National Law Intensifies International Dispute
21 June 2012
Vietnam Condemns China's Sea Claims as "Serious Violation"
Reuters, 4 December 2012
Vietnam Defends its Claims in the South China Sea
Jane's Intelligence Review, vol. 29, iss. 7, 2017.
Vietnam Should Update Its South China Sea Strategy
Huong Le Thu, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, December 2018.
Beijing's South China Sea Stance is Driving Vietnam into America's Arms
Le Hong Hiep, South China Morning Post.com. July 25, 2019
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